Iipesenti ezingama-80 zemithombo ye-decarbonization yehlabathi zisezandleni zamazwe ama-3 imithombo yeendaba zaseJapan: uphuhliso lwezithuthi zamandla amatsha zinokuvalwa.

Ngoku, kuya kuba nzima ngakumbi ukuthenga imithombo yezimbiwa zehlabathi.Ngenxa yokuba izithuthi zombane zisebenzisa izixhobo ezigxininiswe ngakumbi kunezixhobo zemveli ezifana neoli.Amazwe ama-3 aphezulu ane-lithium kunye noovimba be-cobalt alawula malunga ne-80% yobutyebi behlabathi.Amazwe angoovimba aqalisile ukulawula oovimba.Nje ukuba amazwe anje ngeYurophu, iUnited States kunye neJapan angabinako ukuqinisekisa ngezixhobo ezaneleyo, iinjongo zabo ze-decarbonization zinokufezekiswa.

Ukukhuthaza inkqubo ye-decarbonization, kuyimfuneko ukubuyisela ngokuqhubekayo izithuthi zepetroli kunye nezithuthi zamandla amatsha ezifana nezithuthi zombane, kwaye endaweni yokuvelisa amandla ashushu ngokuvelisa amandla avuselelekayo.Iimveliso ezifana nee-electrode zebhetri kunye neenjini azikwazi ukwahlulwa kwiiminerali.Kuqikelelwa ukuba imfuno ye-lithium iya kunyuka ukuya kumaxesha angama-12.5 ka-2020 ngo-2040, kwaye imfuno ye-cobalt iya kunyuka ibe ngamaxesha angama-5.7.Uhlaza lwekhonkco lonikezelo lwamandla luya kuqhuba ukukhula kwemfuno yezimbiwa.

Okwangoku, onke amaxabiso ezimbiwa ayenyuka.Thatha i-lithium carbonate esetyenziswa ekwenzeni iibhetri njengomzekelo.Ukusukela ekupheleni kuka-Okthobha, ixabiso lentengiselwano yaseTshayina njengesalathisi soshishino linyuke laya kutsho kwi-190,000 yeyuan ngetoni nganye.Xa kuthelekiswa nokuqala kuka-Agasti, iye yanda ngamaxesha angaphezu kwama-2, ihlaziya ixabiso eliphezulu kwimbali.Esona sizathu singundoqo kukusasazwa ngokungalingani kweendawo zemveliso.Thatha i-lithium njengomzekelo.I-Australia, i-Chile kunye ne-China, ephakathi kwezintathu eziphezulu, i-akhawunti ye-88% yesabelo semveliso yehlabathi jikelele ye-lithium, ngelixa i-cobalt i-akhawunti ye-77% yesabelo sehlabathi samazwe amathathu kuquka iDemocratic Republic of Congo.

Emva kophuhliso lwexesha elide lwemithombo yemveli, iindawo zokuvelisa ziye zasasazeka ngakumbi, kwaye isabelo esidibeneyo samazwe angama-3 aphezulu kwi-oyile kunye negesi yendalo ingaphantsi kwe-50% yehlabathi lonke.Kodwa njengoko ukuncipha kokubonelelwa kwerhasi yendalo eRussia kukhokelele ekunyukeni kwamaxabiso egesi eYurophu, umngcipheko wokuthintelwa kokubonelela ngemithombo yemveli nawo uyanda.Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kwimithombo yezimbiwa enogxininiso oluphezulu lwemimandla yemveliso, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuveleleni “kobuzwe bobutyebi”.

I-Democratic Republic of Congo, ephethe malunga ne-70% yemveliso ye-cobalt, ibonakala iqalile iingxoxo malunga nokuhlaziya izivumelwano zophuhliso ezisayinwe neenkampani zaseTshayina.
I-Chile iphonononga umthetho oyilwayo wokunyuswa kwerhafu.Okwangoku, iinkampani ezinkulu zemigodi ezandisa amashishini azo elizweni kufuneka zihlawule i-27% yerhafu yenkampani kunye nerhafu ekhethekileyo yemigodi, kwaye izinga lerhafu elichanekileyo lijikeleze i-40%.I-Chile ngoku ixoxa ngerhafu entsha ye-3% yexabiso layo kwizimbiwa zemigodi, kwaye icinga ukwazisa indlela yerhafu yerhafu edityaniswe nexabiso lobhedu.Ukuba kuyaqondwa, elona zinga lerhafu linganyuka liye kuma-80%.

I-EU iphinda iphonononge iindlela zokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwayo kwizinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ngokuphuhlisa izibonelelo zengingqi kunye nokwakha amanethiwekhi okuhlaziya.Inkampani yemoto yombane iTesla ifumene iidiphozithi ze-lithium eNevada.

IJapan, enqongopheleyo yobutyebi, ayinakufumana isisombululo kwimveliso yasekhaya.Nokuba inokusebenzisana neYurophu kunye ne-United States ekwandiseni amajelo entengo iya kuba yeyona nto iphambili.Emva kwe-COP26 ebibanjwe nge-31 ka-Okthobha, ukhuphiswano malunga nokuncitshiswa kokukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse luye lwaba lukhulu.Ukuba nabani na udibana nezithintelo ekuthengeni izixhobo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ashiywe lihlabathi.