Umlo ochasene nokutshintsha kwemozulu unokunyuka, kodwa kubonakala ngathi iiseli zelanga ze-silicon zamandla aluhlaza zifikelela kwimida yazo.Eyona ndlela ithe ngqo yokwenza uguqulo ngoku iiphaneli zelanga, kodwa kukho ezinye izizathu zokuba kutheni zilithemba elikhulu lamandla avuselelekayo.
Inxalenye yabo ephambili, isilicon, yeyona nto yesibini ininzi emhlabeni emva kweoksijini.Kuba iiphaneli zinokubekwa apho umbane ufuneka khona - ezindlini, kwimizi-mveliso, kwizakhiwo zorhwebo, kwiinqanawa, kwizithuthi ezindleleni - akukho mfuneko encinci yokuhambisa umbane kwimbonakalo-mhlaba;kunye nemveliso yobuninzi ithetha ukuba iiphaneli zesola ngoku zitshiphu kakhulu uqoqosho lokuzisebenzisa buyaphikiswa.
Ngokwengxelo ye-2020 ye-Arhente yezaMandla yaMazwe ngaMazwe, iiphaneli zelanga kwezinye iindawo zivelisa owona mbane unexabiso eliphantsi embalini.
Nditsho nebhere yesiqhelo “kunjani xa kumnyama okanye kusibekele?”iya isiba yingxaki enganeno ngenxa yenkqubela phambili yenguqu kubuchwephesha bokugcina.
Ukuhamba ngaphaya kwemida yelanga
Ukuba ulindele “kodwa”, nantsi: kodwa iiphaneli zelanga zesilicon zifikelela kumda osebenzayo wokusebenza kwazo ngenxa yemithetho ethile engalunganga yefiziksi.Iiseli zesolar ze-silicon zorhwebo ngoku zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo kuphela malunga neepesenti ezingama-20 (nangona zifikelela kwipesenti ezingama-28 kwiindawo zaselebhu. Umda wazo osebenzayo yi-30 yepesenti, oku kuthetha ukuba banokuze baguqule malunga nesithathu samandla afunyenwe yiLanga abe ngumbane).
Nangona kunjalo, ipaneli yelanga iya kuvelisa amandla angakhutshwayo aphindwe kaninzi ebomini bayo kunalawo ebesetyenziswa ekwenziweni kwayo.
i-silicon / perovskite iseli yelanga
I-Perovskite: ikamva lezinto ezihlaziyiweyo
Njengesilicon, le crystalline substance i-photoactive, oku kuthetha ukuba xa ibethwa kukukhanya, ii-electron ezikwisakhiwo sazo ziba nemincili ngokwaneleyo ukuba zihlukane ne-athomu zazo (oku kukhulula ii-electron sisiseko saso sonke ukuveliswa kombane, ukusuka kwiibhetri ukuya kwizixhobo zamandla enyukliya) .Ngenxa yokuba umbane usebenza, umgca we-conga wee-electron, xa i-electron ekhululekile evela kwi-silicon okanye i-perovskite ifakwe kwi-wire, umbane ngumphumo.
I-Perovskite ngumxube olula wezisombululo zetyuwa ezifudumala phakathi kwe-100 kunye ne-200 degrees ukuseka iimpawu zayo ze-photoactive.
Njenge-inki, inokuprintwa kumphezulu, kwaye iyagobeka ngendlela engeyiyo isilicon eyomeleleyo.Isetyenziswa kubunzima obungamaxesha angama-500 ngaphantsi kwesilicon, ikwakhanya kakhulu kwaye inokungafihli.Oku kuthetha ukuba inokufakwa kuzo zonke iintlobo zemigangatho efana neefowuni kunye neefestile.Owona lonwabo lokwenyani, lujikeleze amandla emveliso ye-perovskite.
Ukoyisa owona mceli mngeni mkhulu we-perovskite - ukuwohloka
Izixhobo zokuqala ze-perovskite kwi-2009 ziguqule nje iipesenti ze-3.8 zokukhanya kwelanga zibe ngumbane.Ngo-2020, ukusebenza kakuhle kwakuyipesenti ezingama-25.5, kufutshane nerekhodi lelebhu ye-silicon yeepesenti ezingama-27.6.Kukho ingqiqo yokuba ukusebenza kwayo ngokukhawuleza kungafikelela kuma-30 ekhulwini.
Ukuba ulindele 'kodwa' malunga ne-perovskite, kulungile, kukho isibini.Icandelo le-perovskite crystalline lattice ilothe.Ubungakanani buncinci, kodwa ityhefu enokubakho yelothe ithetha ukuba iyaqwalaselwa.Ingxaki yangempela kukuba i-perovskite engakhuselekanga iyancipha kalula ngokushisa, umswakama kunye nomswakama, ngokungafani neepaneli ze-silicon ezihlala zithengiswa ngeziqinisekiso ze-25 zeminyaka.
I-silicon ingcono ekujonganeni namaza okukhanya aphantsi kwamandla, kwaye i-perovskite isebenza kakuhle kunye nokukhanya okuphezulu okubonakalayo kwamandla.I-Perovskite inokucutshungulwa ukuba ithathe ubude obuhlukeneyo bokukhanya - obomvu, obuluhlaza, obuluhlaza.Ngokulungelelaniswa ngononophelo kwe-silicon kunye ne-perovskite, oku kuthetha ukuba iseli nganye iya kuguqula ngakumbi i-spectrum yokukhanya ibe amandla.
Amanani ayamangalisa: umaleko omnye unokusebenza ngama-33 ekhulwini;qokelela iiseli ezimbini, ngama-45 ekhulwini;Imigangatho emithathu iya kunika i-51 yepesenti yokusebenza kakuhle.Ezi ndidi zamanani, ukuba zinokubonakala ngokwentengiso, zingaguqula amandla ahlaziyekayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-12-2021