Amazwe amaninzi ngoku aqinisa utyalo-mali kumandla avuselelekayo kunye nezithuthi zombane ngethemba lokuphumeza iinjongo zabo ekunciphiseni i-carbon kunye nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ye-zero, nangona i-International Energy Agency (IEA) inike isilumkiso esihambelanayo malunga nendlela ukuguqulwa kwamandla kuye kwahlala rhoqo. ukuvuselela imfuno yezimbiwa, ngakumbi iiminerali ezibalulekileyo ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezifana ne-nickel, i-cobalt, i-lithium, kunye nobhedu, kunye nokunyuka okugqithisileyo kwamaxabiso ezimbiwa kunokuthoba uphuhliso lwamandla ohlaza.
Ukuguqulwa kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ikhabhoni kwezothutho kufuna ubuninzi beeminerali zetsimbi, kwaye ukunikezelwa kwezinto ezibalulekileyo kuya kuba sisongelo samva nje kwinguqu.Ukongeza, abasebenzi-mgodini kusafuneka batyale imali eyaneleyo ekuphuhliseni imigodi emitsha phakathi kwemfuno emandla yezimbiwa, enokuthi inyuse ixabiso lamandla acocekileyo ngomda omkhulu.
Phakathi kwazo, izithuthi zombane zifuna amaxesha angama-6 inani lamaminerali xa kuthelekiswa neenqwelo zemveli, kwaye amandla omoya onxweme adinga amaxesha angama-9 ubuninzi bemithombo yamaminerali xa kuthelekiswa nezityalo zamandla afana negesi.I-IEA ihlomle ukuba ngaphandle kokwahluka kwemfuno kunye nonikezelo lwezikroba kwiminerali nganye, iintshukumo ezinamandla zokunciphisa ikhabhoni eziphunyezwe ngurhulumente ziza kuvelisa ukwanda okuphindwe kathandathu kwimfuno epheleleyo yezimbiwa kwicandelo lamandla.
I-IEA iphinde yenza imodeli kwaye yahlalutya imfuno yezimbiwa kwixesha elizayo ngokulinganisa kwimilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo yemozulu kunye nophuhliso lobuchwepheshe be-11, kwaye yafumanisa ukuba umlinganiselo ophezulu wemfuno uvela kwizithuthi zombane kunye neenkqubo zokugcina amandla ebhetri phantsi kwempembelelo yemigaqo-nkqubo yemozulu.Imfuno kulindeleke ukuba inyuke ubuncinane ngamaxesha angama-30 kwi-2040, kwaye imfuno ye-lithium iya kunyuka ngamaxesha angama-40 ukuba ihlabathi liza kufezekisa iinjongo ezichazwe kwiSivumelwano saseParis, kanti imfuno yezimbiwa evela kumandla ekhabhoni ephantsi iya kuphinda kathathu kwiminyaka engama-30. .
I-IEA, kwangaxeshanye, ilumkisa ukuba ukuveliswa kunye nokusetyenzwa kweeminerali ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, kubandakanya i-lithium kunye ne-cobalt, ziphakathi kumazwe ambalwa, kwaye amazwe ama-3 aphezulu adibanisa ukuya kwi-75% yomthamo opheleleyo, ngelixa i-complex kunye ne-cobalt. ikhonkco lokubonelela nge-opaque nalo linyusa imingcipheko efanelekileyo.Uphuhliso lwemithombo ethintelweyo luya kujongana nemigangatho yokusingqongileyo neyentlalo engqongqo ngakumbi.IEA indulula ukuba urhulumente kufuneka ayile uphando lwexesha elide olujikeleze iziqinisekiso zokuncitshiswa kwekhabhoni, ivoti yokuzithemba kutyalo-mali oluvela kubaboneleli, kunye nesidingo sokwandiswa kohlaziyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhona, ukuze kuzinziswe unikezelo lwemathiriyeli ekrwada kunye nokukhawulezisa inguqu.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-21-2021