Emva kokugxininisa amashumi eminyaka ekunciphiseni iindleko, ishishini lelanga litshintsha ingqalelo ekwenzeni intuthuko entsha kwezobuchwepheshe.
Ishishini lelanga lichithe amashumi eminyaka linciphisa iindleko zokuvelisa umbane ngokuthe ngqo elangeni.Ngoku igxile ekwenzeni iiphaneli zibe namandla ngakumbi.
Ngokulondolozwa kwezixhobo zokwenziwa kwezixhobo ezibetha ithafa kwaye kutsha nje kunyanzeliswa kukunyuka kwamaxabiso ezinto ezikrwada, abavelisi banyusa umsebenzi kwinkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji - ukwakha amacandelo angcono kwaye baqeshe uyilo oluphucukileyo lokuvelisa umbane othe kratya kwiifama ezinobungakanani obufanayo belanga.Itekhnoloji entsha iya kudala ukucutha iindleko zombane ngakumbi. ”
Isilayidi seSolar
Ukuhla kwexabiso lephaneli yefotovoltaic kuye kwacotha kwiminyaka yakutshanje.
Utyhalo lwezixhobo zesola ezinamandla ngakumbi lugxininisa ukuba kuncitshiswe ngakumbi kangakanani na ukuqhubela phambili nokususwa kumafutha efosili.Ngelixa iifama zesolar ezilingana negridi ngoku zifikeleleka ngexabiso eliphantsi kunezona zityalo ziphambili zamalahle okanye ezibaswa ngerhasi, ukonga okongeziweyo kuya kufuneka ukubhanqa imithombo yamandla ecocekileyo kunye nogcino lwetekhnoloji olubiza imali eninzi olufunekayo kumandla angekhoyo ekhabhoni.
Iifektri ezinkulu, ukusetyenziswa kwe-automation kunye neendlela ezisebenzayo zokuvelisa zinike uqoqosho lwesikali, iindleko eziphantsi zabasebenzi kunye nenkunkuma encinci yempahla yecandelo lelanga.Ixabiso eliphakathi lephaneli yelanga lehle nge-90% ukusuka ngo-2010 ukuya ku-2020.
Ukonyusa ukuveliswa kwamandla ngephaneli nganye kuthetha ukuba abaphuhlisi banokuhambisa umlinganiselo ofanayo wombane ukusuka kumsebenzi wobungakanani obuncinci.Oko kunokuba yimfuneko njengoko iindleko zomhlaba, ukwakhiwa, ubunjineli kunye nezinye izixhobo zingehli ngendlela efanayo namaxabiso ephaneli.
Kunokuba sengqiqweni ukuhlawula iprimiyamu yetekhnoloji ephucukileyo.Sibona abantu bezimisele ukuhlawula ixabiso eliphezulu kwimodyuli ephezulu yamanzi ebavumela ukuba bavelise amandla amaninzi kwaye benze imali eninzi kumhlaba wabo.Iinkqubo ezinamandla aphezulu sele zifikile.Iimodyuli ezinamandla ngakumbi nezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu ziya kunciphisa iindleko kulo lonke utyando lwexabiso leprojekthi yelanga, ukuxhasa imbonakalo yethu yokukhula kwecandelo elibalulekileyo kule minyaka ilishumi izayo.
Nazi ezinye zeendlela iinkampani zelanga ezitshaja kakhulu ngazo:
Perovskite
Nangona uphuhliso oluninzi lwangoku lubandakanya i-tweaks kwiiteknoloji ezikhoyo, i-perovskite ithembisa impumelelo yokwenene.Ibhityile kwaye icace ngakumbi kunepolysilicon, izinto ezisetyenziswa ngokwesiko, i-perovskite ekugqibeleni inokubekwa ngaphezulu kweepaneli zelanga ezikhoyo ukuze kunyuswe ukusebenza kakuhle, okanye kudityaniswe neglasi ukwenza iifestile zokwakha ezivelisa amandla.
Iipaneli zobuso ezimbini
Iiphaneli zelanga zifumana amandla azo kwicala elijonge elangeni, kodwa zinokusebenzisa ukukhanya okuncinci okubonisa umva emhlabeni.Iiphaneli zobuso obumbini ziqale ukuthandwa ngo-2019, abavelisi befuna ukubamba ukongezwa kombane ngokususa imathiriyeli yokuxhasa i-opaque ngeglasi ekhethekileyo.
Lo mkhwa ubambe abathengisi beglasi yelanga kwaye ngokufutshane wabangela ukuba amaxabiso ezinto anyuke.Ngasekupheleni konyaka ophelileyo, i-China yakhulula imigaqo ejikeleze umthamo wokwenziwa kweglasi, kwaye oko kufanele kulungiselele umhlaba wokwamkelwa okubanzi ngakumbi kobuchwephesha belanga obumacala mabini.
Ipolysilicon edibeneyo
Olunye utshintsho olunokuthi lunikeze ukonyuka kwamandla kukutshintsha ukusuka kwisixhobo se-silicon ehlawuliswa ngokufanelekileyo kwiiphaneli zelanga ukuya kwiimveliso ezimbi, okanye uhlobo lwe-n, iimveliso.
Izinto zodidi lwe-N zenziwe nge-doping polysilicon ngexabiso elincinci le-elementi ene-electron eyongezelelweyo efana ne-phosphorous.Ibiza kakhulu, kodwa inokuba namandla ngakumbi nge-3.5% kunesixhobo esilawulayo ngoku.Iimveliso kulindeleke ukuba ziqale ukuthatha isabelo semarike ngo-2024 kwaye ibe yeyona nto iphambili ngo-2028, ngokutsho kwePV-Tech.
Kwikhonkco lokubonelela ngelanga, i-polysilicon esulungekisiweyo ye-ultra-refined ibunjwe kwii-ingots ezixande, ezithi zisikwe zibe zizikwere ezibhityileyo ezibizwa ngokuba zii-wafers.Ezo wafers zitsalwa ngeengcingo kwiiseli kwaye ziyadityaniswa ukuze zenze iipaneli zelanga.
IiWafers ezinkulu, iSeli eNgcono
Kuninzi lwee-2010, i-wafer yelanga eqhelekileyo yayiyi-156-millimeter (6.14 intshi) isikwere se-polysilicon, malunga nobukhulu bomphambili wecala le-CD.Ngoku, iinkampani zenza izikwere zibe nkulu ukonyusa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokwenziwa.Abavelisi batyhala ii-wafers ze-182 kunye ne-210-millimeter, kwaye ubukhulu obukhulu buya kukhula ukusuka malunga ne-19% yesabelo semarike kulo nyaka ukuya ngaphezu kwesiqingatha ngo-2023, ngokutsho kweLanga likaWood Mackenzie.
Iifektri ezenza ii-wafers zibe ziiseli-eziguqula ii-electron zichulumanciswe ziifotoni zokukhanya zibe ngumbane-zongeza umthamo omtsha woyilo olunje nge-heterojunction okanye itonela-oxide edlula iiseli zoqhagamshelwano.Ngelixa kubiza kakhulu ukwenza, ezo zakhiwo zivumela ii-electron ukuba zihlale zijikeleza ixesha elide, zinyusa umthamo wamandla eziwenza.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-27-2021