Kutshanje, iindaba zolwabiwo lwamandla kumaphondo ahlukeneyo eTshayina ziye zavela rhoqo, kwaye iipaneli zelanga ziye zakhankanywa kuluhlu oluninzi lwezinto ezingxamisekileyo zekhaya, ukuze ishishini lokuvelisa amandla elanga lixoxwe ngabasebenzisi abaninzi be-intanethi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kumxholo wokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni kunye neencopho zekhabhoni, iindleko zokuvelisa amandla amalahle zinyukile, kwaye imfuno yeendlela ezintsha zamandla zinyukile;ixabiso lezixhobo zokuvelisa amandla elanga liye laqhubeka liwa, elingenakuqinisekisa kuphela ukuzimela, kodwa lithengisela iinkampani zamandla ukwenza imali.Ngaba akukho sithuba singakumbi sophuhliso lwamandla elanga asekhaya?
Nangona kunjalo, ixesha lokubuyisela lide, imbuyekezo kwi-investment iphantsi, kwaye akukho nto inkuthazo yokususa inkxaso-mali;indawo yokuthunyelwa ineemfuno ezithile, kwaye ukufakwa phezu kophahla kuyinkathazo ngakumbi ngexesha lokulungiswa nokulungiswa;ukugcinwa rhoqo kunye nokulungiswa kuyadingeka, okuzisa iindleko ezongezelelweyo.
Kwangowe-1860, ezinye izazinzulu zazikholelwa ukuba amafutha efosili aya kunqongophala, kwaye izixhobo ezifana neepaneli ze-photovoltaic kunye nabaqokeleli belanga baqala ukuthandwa;nangona kunjalo, kude kube namhlanje, amandla elanga asathathwa njengamandla amatsha kunye noshishino olutsha kwi-ascendant.Imboni ye-photovoltaic idatha ye-Industry ye-2019 kwiSemina yoPhononongo loPhuhliso kwiSiqingatha sokuQala soNyaka kunye neZibonelelo zeSiqingatha seSibini soNyaka zibonise ukuba ukuveliswa kwamandla avela kwimithombo yamandla avuselelekayo njengamandla elanga kubalwa kuphela i-20% yamandla ewonke. isizukulwana.
Ukujonga kwimarike yehlabathi, olunye uhlobo ngabahlali bamazwe aseNtshona anje ngeYurophu, iMelika kunye neOstreliya, abaxhasa ngenkuthalo amandla elanga asekhaya ukusombulula imfuno yombane.Ngo-2015, umthamo ofakiweyo wokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic kwihlabathi udlule kwi-40 yezigidi ze-kilowatts.Iimarike eziphambili yiJamani, iSpain kunye neJapan., Italy, apho iJamani iyodwa yongeze i-7 yezigidi zeekilowatts zomthamo ofakiweyo ngo-2015. Enye yimimandla yasemaphandleni yaseChina, eyona nto igxininisekile yokuvelisa umbane welanga.Imimandla emininzi ephakathi nasentshona ithatha imboni ye-photovoltaic njengenye yeendlela ezibalulekileyo zokunciphisa intlupheko.Isici esiqhelekileyo silawulwa yizakhiwo zentsapho enye, kwaye uphahla kulula ukudiliza nokuguqula.
Izibonelelo zamandla elanga kunye neshishini lokuvelisa amandla elanga zisenokunganxibelelani kakuhle.Ngokomzekelo, i-Afrika lilizwekazi elinokukhanya kwelanga kakhulu emhlabeni, kwaye imithombo yamandla elanga ininzi, kodwa ngokwenene, nguMzantsi Afrika kuphela ilizwe elineemegawathi ezingaphezu kwama-50 ze-photovoltaic powerplants.ICalifornia inezikhululo zamandla elanga ezingaphezu kweAfrika yonke, kwaye amandla elanga afakiweyo aphinda kabini amandla okuvelisa umbane kuyo yonke iNigeria.Imithombo yamandla elanga yaseYurophu iyinxalenye nje encinci yeAfrika, kodwa kukho izixhobo zamandla elanga.
Ukusebenza kolu polarization kwenza ukuba ishishini lamandla elanga lasekhaya libonise "i-dumbbell-shaped-shaped" isakhiwo, esigxininiswe kakhulu kwimimandla ephuhlisiwe kunye nemimandla engaphuhliswanga.
Siyazi ukuba iimarike zabathengi basezidolophini nasezidolophini zihlala "zineziphumo zengeniso," "iziphumo zokubonisa," "iziphumo zonxibelelwano," kunye "neziphumo ezikhulayo."Ngoko ke, isakhiwo semarike esizinzile sihlala "i-spindle" elawulwa ngabathengi abaphakathi.
Oku kukwabonisa inyani esisiseko yophuhliso lweshishini lelanga lasekhaya: ukuqalisa ukukhula okukhawulezayo, kuyimfuneko ukukhawulezisa ukulungelelaniswa ukusuka "kuhlobo lwe-dumbbell" ukuya "kuhlobo lwe-spindle", ukwamkela ngenkuthalo imarike yasezidolophini nasezidolophini, kunye nokuphelisa imeko yangoku "polarization".
Ngoko, ngaba kunokwenzeka ukusasaza iipaneli zelanga ezixekweni?
Kunzima ukucenga uninzi lwabahlali basezidolophini ukuba batyale imali yokwenyani, abasebenzi kunye nezinto eziphathekayo ukuze baziguqule ngokuthembela nje kwiimvakalelo ezifana nokukhathalela okusingqongileyo.
Ke ngoko, amazwe amaninzi aya kuyila uthotho lwenkuthazo kunye nemilinganiselo yenkxaso-mali xa kuphunyezwa amaqhinga ombane azinzileyo.Ngokomzekelo, ngo-2006, i-California Congress yasungula isicwangciso se-"California Solar Energy Initiative", esidale i-wave yokufaka iinkqubo zokuvelisa amandla elanga.
Imigaqo-nkqubo iyodwa ayonelanga.Abathengi basekhaya kumbindi wentengiso kufuneka boyise imiqobo emithathu ukuze bamkele amandla elanga.
Okokuqala: Ngaba imodeli yeshishini isengqiqweni?
Kukholelwa ngokubanzi ukuba inkqubo yokuvelisa umbane welanga “ixesha elinye lotyalo-mali, imbuyekezo yeminyaka engama-25”, lutyalo-mali oluqhelekileyo lwexesha elide.
Sinokuyibala i-akhawunti.Ngokubanzi, inkqubo yokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic eyi-1kW ingasetyenziselwa ukukhanyisa ekhaya, umabonakude, kunye nekhompyutha;inkqubo yokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic ye-3kW inokuhlangabezana neemfuno zombane zentsapho yabantu aba-3, ngakumbi umbane wasekhitshini;I-5kW photovoltaic power generation Inkqubo inokuhlangabezana neemfuno zentsapho yabantu aba-5.
Abasebenzisi basekhaya bathanda ukukhetha umthamo we-5kW, efuna utyalo-mali lwe-40,000 ukuya kwi-100,000 yeyuan.Kwi-2017, ukufakwa okukodwa kwenkqubo yamandla elanga ye-5KW kwinkampani eyaziwayo yaseTshayina ifuna i-yuan ye-40,000.Emva kwenkxaso-mali kwilizwe lase-Arizona lase-US, inkqubo yamandla elanga eyi-5KW ingaxabisa malunga ne-US$10,000.Uphando lwabanini-zindlu be-2,200 lubonise ukuba iindleko zotyalo-mali ziphezulu kakhulu ukuba zingaqwalaselwa.
Ukongeza, ngeendlela "zokusebenzisa ngokwakho, umbane ogqithisiweyo kwi-intanethi" kunye "nokufikelela ngokupheleleyo kwi-intanethi" ukufumana imbuyekezo yombane, umjikelo wentlawulo uhlala uthatha iminyaka emi-5-7 ngaphambi kokuba ungene kwixesha lengeniso.
Okwangoku, iinkxaso-mali zamandla aluhlaza kumazwe ahlukeneyo ngokuqhelekileyo zijikeleze i-20-30%, kwaye i-United States iya kubonelela nge-26% yeendleko zokufakela iinkqubo zamandla elanga ngo-2020. Emva kokuba ukukhutshwa okukhulu kunye nenkxaso kucinyiwe, inzuzo. umjikelo uya kuqhubeka ukwandiswa.
Ngoko ke, ukuba abahlali basemaphandleni abanazo iindlela zotyalo-mali ezikhuselekileyo nezithembekileyo, kuyaqondakala ukutyala imali eseleyo kwi-photovoltaic power generation.Nangona kunjalo, abahlali basezidolophini abanezinga eliphezulu ledijithali kunye neemveliso zemali kunye neenkonzo ezityebileyo banokuvakalelwa kukuba yinto encinci yokuthembela kule nzuzo.
Isisombululo esisebenzayo mhlawumbi sibeka iphaneli ye-photovoltaic ngaphandle kwefestile ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokutshaja ezingxamisekileyo kwiikhomputha zasekhaya, iifowuni eziphathwayo kunye nezinye izixhobo.Kodwa ngale ndlela, ingakanani indawo yemarike ekhoyo?
Okwesibini: Ngaba ukhuseleko lwexesha elide lukhona?
Kakade ke, kunokubakho abantu abazimisele ukuxhasa ngokungekho miqathango amandla aluhlaza, okanye nangona imbuyekezo incinci kodwa "imilenze yentethe iyinyama", bazimisele ukufaka iinkqubo zokuvelisa amandla elanga kumakhaya abo ukuze bacime ukunxanelwa kombane. .Ewe sinenkxaso ye-10,000 kulo moya.Nangona kunjalo, ngaphambi kokuba ukhethe izixhobo ezifanelekileyo, kufuneka ucinge ngononophelo malunga nokusebenza kamva kunye nemiba yokulondoloza.
Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, kuthatha ngaphezulu kweminyaka emi-5 ukwenza umbane welanga kwikhaya ukugcina inkunzi/inzuzo.Ukugcinwa kweepaneli ze-photovoltaic, ukuguga kweebhetri, kunye nokunciphisa amacandelo ahambelanayo kuya kuzisa imfuno yokucoca nokugcinwa kwexesha elide.Kuya kuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa kwamandla okukhanya kunye nokunciphisa ukuveliswa kwamandla.
EOstreliya nakwezinye iindawo, ulwakhiwo lweenkqubo zokuvelisa umbane welanga ekhaya lwaqala kwiminyaka engama-30 eyadlulayo, kwaye indlela yokuthengisa esele ikhulile ngokwentelekiso kunye nenkqubo yenkonzo yenziwe.Abathengi akufuneki bakhathazeke kakhulu malunga nabathengisi bezixhobo ababalekayo / bavale kwaye bafumane iinkonzo emva kokuthengisa;Iingozi zokhuseleko.
Ukongezelela, ixesha lokubuyisela iindleko zombane welanga zekhaya lide, kwaye ukugcinwa komgaqo-nkqubo kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo.Kungenjalo, ukuba kukho inguqulelo, iya kuba “yisizukulwana samandla esinothando.”
Ngokomzekelo, kwi-2015, eNigeria, i-Afrika yachitha i-US $ 16 yezigidigidi ukuphuhlisa amandla elanga, kodwa ekugqibeleni yasilela ngenxa yeengxaki zikaRhulumente.Yiloo nto ingxelo ye-grid ovate ye-Global Industry Forum ikholelwa ukuba amandla e-Afrika ophuhliso lwamandla elanga ngawona angcono ehlabathini, kodwa uphuhliso lokwenene lwemizi-mveliso alwanelanga.
Indlela yokuqinisekisa ixesha elide ezinzileyo nenokuxelwa kwangaphambili ngundoqo kukhuphiswano lweshishini lamandla elanga.
Okwesithathu: Ngaba uphuhliso lwedolophu luvumelekile?
Ukongeza kwiimeko eziqinileyo zemithombo yamandla elanga, ukuveliswa kwamandla elanga kumakhaya nako kufuneka kusondele kuthungelwano olungundoqo ukunciphisa utyalo-mali kwiintambo ezintsha zothumelo.Kwangaxeshanye, kufuneka ibe kufutshane neziko lokulayisha amandla ukunciphisa ilahleko yokuhanjiswa kwamandla.
Xa kuthelekiswa nabasebenzisi basemaphandleni abanomthwalo omncinci wombane kwaye basasazekile, uphuhliso lwasezidolophini lwamandla elanga asekhaya lubonakala lunoqoqosho ngakumbi.Okwangoku, izinga lokuhlala ezidolophini laseTshayina lifikelele kwi-56% kwizibalo, ekubonakala ngathi izise indawo enkulu yemarike, kodwa kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukwakhiwa kwezixeko zanamhlanje zaseYurophu naseMelika, "ezenza i-industrialization idolophu", kwangaxeshanye. njengokwandiswa kwedolophu., Kwakhona kuye kwakho iingxaki ezininzi.Umzekelo, ukuxinwa kwenkunzi yemali kukhokelele kumaxabiso aphezulu e-asethi.Indawo yokuhlala yomntu ngamnye kwizixeko ezikumgangatho wokuqala njengeBeijing, iShanghai, iGuangzhou kunye neShenzhen zingaphantsi komndilili wesizwe.Ngeli xesha, kufuneka sifumane i-20-30 square metres yelanga, evulekileyo, Luhlobo luni lwentsapho olufunekayo ukufaka iipaneli ze-photovoltaic kuphahla olubheke ngasezantsi?Kwiindawo ezinjengeJiangsu, apho uqoqosho luphuhliswa ngakumbi, izindlu okanye iivillas zihlala zifakwa eluphahleni.Imiqobo ye-asethi iphinda inciphise isikali sabasebenzisi.
Ngomnye umzekelo, uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lwezixeko ezinkulu neziphakathi e-China kwixesha elidlulileyo lishiye iziphene ezininzi kwiziseko ezingundoqo, indawo yoluntu kunye nezinye iinkalo.Ukufakwa kweepaneli ze-photovoltaic kwisithili kuya kuchaphazela ngokwemvelo i-aesthetics yoluntu kwaye kubangele umlinganiselo othile wokungcola kokukhanya.Kunzima ukucinga ukuba isixeko esisendleleni eya "ebuhleni" siya kukhuthaza kakhulu iipaneli ze-blue wow photovoltaic.
Inxalenye ephakathi yemarike kunzima ukuhamba.Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba umbane welanga wasekhaya awunakukwazi ukuqhubeka?Hayi ncma.Namhlanje, iinzame ezinamandla zaseTshayina zokukhuthaza ukufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini kunye nokuvuselelwa kwamaphandle kunokuzisa amathuba amatsha kushishino lwamandla elanga.Imarike "ye-spindle" ayinakuba kukunyuka kwe-China ephakathi, kodwa inokuhamba ukusuka emsila ukuya embindini, akunjalo?
Mhlawumbi, ikamva lamandla elanga yendlu, njengamashishini amaninzi, lihlala emaphandleni aluhlaza kunye ne-ecological China.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-24-2021