Ixabiso lezixhobo zelanga lehle nge-89% ukususela ngo-2010. Ngaba iya kuqhubeka ifumana ixabiso eliphantsi?
Ukuba unomdla kumandla elanga kunye namandla avuselelekayo, mhlawumbi uyazi ukuba amaxabiso omoya kunye nobuchwepheshe belanga ehle kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje.
Kukho imibuzo embalwa abaninimzi abacinga ukuhamba ngelanga bahlala benayo.Eyokuqala yile: Ngaba amandla elanga aye afikeleleka ngexabiso eliphantsi?Kwaye enye yile: Ukuba ilanga liya libiza ngexabiso eliphantsi, ngaba kufuneka ndilinde ngaphambi kokufaka iipaneli zelanga endlwini yam?
Ixabiso leepaneli zelanga, ii-inverters, kunye neebhetri ze-lithium zifumene ngexabiso eliphantsi kule minyaka ili-10 idlulileyo.Amaxabiso alindeleke ukuba aqhubeke ehla - enyanisweni, ilanga liqikelelwa ukuba liyehla ngokuthe ngcembe kwixabiso ngonyaka ka-2050.
Nangona kunjalo, iindleko zokufakela i-solar aziyi kuhla ngesantya esifanayo kuba iindleko ze-hardware zingaphantsi kwe-40% yexabiso lexabiso lokusekwa kwelanga.Ungalindeli ukuba ilanga lasekhaya lingabizi kakhulu kwixesha elizayo.Enyanisweni, iindleko zakho zinokunyuka njengoko izaphulelo zasekhaya nezorhulumente ziphelelwa lixesha.
Ukuba ucinga ukongeza ilanga kwikhaya lakho, ukulinda mhlawumbi akuyi kukugcina imali.Faka iiphaneli zakho zesola ngoku, ngakumbi kuba iikhredithi zerhafu ziyaphelelwa.
Kubiza malini ukufakela iiphaneli zesola kwikhaya?
Kukho izinto ezininzi eziya kwiindleko zenkqubo yepaneli yelanga, kunye nokhetho oluninzi onokuthi ulwenze oluchaphazela ixabiso lokugqibela olihlawulayo.Nangona kunjalo, kuluncedo ukwazi ukuba zeziphi iindlela zeshishini.
Ixabiso xa lithelekiswa neminyaka engama-20 okanye eli-10 eyadlulayo liyancomeka, kodwa ukwehla kwamva nje kwexabiso akuphantse kube kukhwankqisayo.Oku kuthetha ukuba unokulindela ukuba iindleko zelanga ziqhubeke zihla, kodwa ungalindeli ukonga kweendleko ezinkulu.
Wehle kangakanani amaxabiso amandla elanga?
Ixabiso leepaneli zelanga liye lahla ngexabiso elimangalisayo.Emuva kwi-1977, ixabiso leeseli ze-photovoltaic zelanga laliyi-$ 77 nge-watt enye yamandla.Namhlanje?Ungafumana iiseli zelanga ezinexabiso eliphantsi njenge $0.13 ngewathi nganye, okanye malunga namaxesha angama-600 ngaphantsi.Iindleko ngokubanzi bezilandela uMthetho kaSwanson, othi ixabiso lelanga lehla nge-20% kuyo yonke into ephindwe kabini yemveliso ethunyelwa ngenqanawa.
Obu budlelwane phakathi komthamo wemveliso kunye nexabiso lisiphumo esibalulekileyo, kuba njengoko uza kubona, uqoqosho lwehlabathi lonke lutshintshela ngokukhawuleza kumandla avuselelekayo.
Iminyaka engama-20 edlulileyo ibe lixesha lokukhula okumangalisayo kwi-solar esasazwayo.Ilanga elisasazwayo libhekiselele kwiinkqubo ezincinci ezingeyonxalenye yesixhobo sombane esisetyenziswayo – ngamanye amazwi, uphahla kunye neenkqubo ezingasemva kwezindlu kumakhaya nakumashishini kwilizwe lonke.
Kwakukho imakethi encinci ngo-2010, kwaye iye yaqhuma kwiminyaka emva koko.Ngelixa bekukho ukuhla ngo-2017, ijika lokukhula ngo-2018 kwaye ekuqaleni kuka-2019 liye laqhubeka phezulu.
Umthetho we-Swanson uchaza indlela oku kukhula kukhulu kubangele ukuhla okukhulu kwexabiso: iindleko zemodyuli yelanga zehle nge-89% ukususela ngo-2010.
Iindleko ze-Hardware ngokuchasene neendleko ezithambileyo
Xa ucinga ngesixokelelwano selanga, unokucinga ukuba yi-hardware eyenza uninzi lweendleko: i-racking, i-wiring, i-inverters, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo iipaneli zelanga ngokwazo.
Enyanisweni, i-hardware i-akhawunti ye-36% kuphela yeendleko zenkqubo yelanga yasekhaya.Intsalela ithathwa ngeendleko ezithambileyo, ezizezinye iindleko ekufuneka isifakeli selanga sithwale.Oku kubandakanya yonke into ukususela kumsebenzi wofakelo kunye nemvume, ukuya ekufumaneni umthengi (okt ukuthengisa nokuthengisa), ukuya kwi-overhead jikelele (okt ukugcina izibane zilayitiwe).
Uyakuqaphela kwakhona ukuba iindleko ezithambileyo ziba yipesenti encinci yeendleko zenkqubo njengoko ubungakanani benkqubo bukhula.Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi njengoko usuka kwindawo yokuhlala ukuya kwiiprojekthi eziluncedo, kodwa iinkqubo zokuhlala ezinkulu ngokubanzi zinexabiso elisezantsi ngewatt nganye kuneenkqubo ezincinci.Oku kungenxa yokuba iindleko ezininzi, ezifana nokuvumela kunye nokufumana umthengi, zilungisiwe kwaye azihlukanga kakhulu (okanye kwaphela) kunye nobukhulu benkqubo.
Ingakanani i-solar eya kukhula kwihlabathi jikelele?
I-United States eneneni ayisiyiyo intengiso enkulu emhlabeni yelanga.I-China idlula i-US ngokude, ifakela ilanga malunga nesantya esiphindwe kabini se-US.I-China, njengamazwe amaninzi ase-US, inethagethi yamandla ahlaziyekayo.Bajonge i-20% yamandla ahlaziyekayo ngo-2030. Lutshintsho olukhulu olo lwelizwe ebelisebenzisa amalahle ukunika amandla kuhlumo lwamashishini alo.
Ngo-2050, i-69% yombane wehlabathi iya kuhlaziywa.
Ngo-2019, amandla elanga anika kuphela i-2% yamandla ehlabathi, kodwa aya kukhula aye kuma-22% ngo-2050.
Iibhetri ezinkulu nezingamandla egridi ziya kuba yeyona nto iphambili yokukhula.Iibhetri ziya kuba ngama-64% ngexabiso eliphantsi ngo-2040, kwaye ihlabathi liya kuba lifake i-359 GW yamandla ebhetri ngo-2050.
Isixa esongezelelweyo sotyalo-mali lwelanga luya kubetha i-4.2 yeetriliyoni zeedola ngo-2050.
Kwangelo xesha linye, ukusetyenziswa kwamalahle kuya kuhla ngesiqingatha kwihlabathi jikelele, ukuhla ukuya kutsho kwi-12% yonikezelo lwamandla lulonke.
Iindleko zokuhlala ezifakwe ngelanga ziyekile ukuhla, kodwa abantu bafumana izixhobo ezingcono
Ingxelo yamva nje evela kwiLebhu yaseBerkeley ibonisa ukuba iindleko ezifakiweyo zokuhlala elanga ziye zathotywa kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo.Ngapha koko, ngo-2019, ixabiso eliphakathi linyuke malunga ne-0.10 yeedola.
Ebusweni bayo, loo nto inokwenza ukuba kubonakale ngathi ilanga liqalile ukubiza kakhulu.Akunjalo: iindleko ziyaqhubeka nokuhla ngonyaka.Ngapha koko, okwenzekileyo kukuba abathengi beendawo zokuhlala bafaka izixhobo ezingcono, kwaye bafumana ixabiso elingakumbi ngemali efanayo.
Ngokomzekelo, ngo-2018, i-74% yabathengi beendawo zokuhlala bakhetha ii-inverters ezincinci okanye i-inverter-based optimizer-based inverter systems phezu kwee-inverters zentambo ezingabizi kakhulu.Ngo-2019, eli nani lithathe umtsi omkhulu ukuya kuma-87%.
Ngokufanayo, ngo-2018, umninimzi welanga ophakathi wayefakela iipaneli zelanga nge-18.8% esebenzayo, kodwa ngo-2019 ukusebenza kakuhle kunyuke ukuya kwi-19.4%.
Ke ngelixa ixabiso le-invoyisi abaninimzi bahlawulela ilanga kwezi ntsuku zisicaba okanye zinyuka kancinci, bafumana izixhobo ezingcono zaloo mali.
Ngaba kufuneka ulinde ukuba ilanga libe lixabiso eliphantsi?
Ubukhulu becala ngenxa yobume benkani yeendleko ezithambileyo, ukuba uyazibuza ukuba kufuneka ulinde iindleko zehla ngakumbi, siya kucebisa ukuba ungalindi.Kuphela yi-36% yeendleko zofakelo lwelanga lwekhaya olunxulumene neendleko ze-hardware, ngoko ke ukulinda iminyaka embalwa akuyi kubangela uhlobo lokuhla kwexabiso elimangalisayo esilibonile ngaphambili.Izixhobo zeSolar sele zitshiphu kakhulu.
Namhlanje, nokuba ngumoya okanye i-PV yeyona mithombo mitsha yombane inexabiso eliphantsi kumazwe enza malunga ne-73% ye-GDP yehlabathi.Kwaye njengoko iindleko ziqhubeka nokuhla, silindele ukuba umoya wokwakha omtsha kunye ne-PV ifumane ixabiso eliphantsi kunokusebenzisa amaziko ombane efosili.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-29-2021